BY Barb williams, EASTSIDE HERITAGE CENTER VOLUNTEER
Who would think that Bellevue in the 1920s had the most extensive holly farm in the United States? But it did thanks to the patience and vision of Edward P. Tremper and Dr. C. A. Holmes. Patience because it takes 15 to 18 years before a crop becomes commercially productive. Tremper ran an insurance business and Dr. Holmes was a dentist. They were neighbors in Seattle. In 1900, Tremper bought 10 acres of land on Yarrow Point and moved there two summers later. He had the unprecedented idea of planting a holly orchard which he did in 1902. He ordered 1,000 young plants from France, planted them and waited for them to mature. His holly farm was the first on Puget Sound.
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Dr. Holmes liked the idea and bought 10 acres at 111th Avenue SE on the east side of Enatai. After he died in 1933, Tremper acquired the land thus making the Tremper family holly plantation the biggest in Washington State, according to the 1929 issue of Nature Magazine. By 1930, the Tremper family planted five additional acres on the east side of 92nd using a variegated type of holly. The farm continued to expand and grow boasting 3,000 trees by the 1940s. At this time Tremper’s three sons were running the business. During the busy winter holiday months, they hired many packers and cutters, the majority of whom were Japanese farmers. The Trempers also bought holly from a farm on Mercer Island and shipped gift boxes all over the country.
As Tremper continued his experiment, he discovered that he only needed a few male(bull) trees and therefore planted mostly female trees. Both sexes were needed for pollination, but it was the females that produced the desirable red berries used for decorations, especially at Christmas time. However when many of the Japanese were forced to leave the area during World War II, it became difficult to find workers. Added to this, weather conditions produced overtime hours which resulted in additional wages. Property taxes increased and by 1946 the Trempers quit operating the Enatai property. They closed the original farm at Yarrow Point in 1956.
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Holly trees can still be found in Bellevue. The evergreen plant continues to be a favorite for winter holiday designs and decorations. Although the berries are toxic to humans and most household pets, they are a winter food resource for birds such as robins. As a shrub-like tree, it can grow in height from foot-high dwarfs to fifty-foot tall trees. Due to its prickly evergreen leaves, it provides a safe, warm place for nesting birds in winter when deciduous trees lack leaves. In England, the holly is often used in hedgerows to contain farm animals or to separate one area from another. The prickly tough leaves provide a formidable barrier.
The holly is one of the most respected and loved trees in Celtic lore. A holly wreath was worn as a crown by Celtic chieftains for good luck. Traditionally, newborn babies were protected from harm by bathing them in water from the leaves. The tree represents peace and goodwill. Due to its resistance to lightening, it was planted near houses to protect people from lightening strikes. The Druids also believed in it’s protective powers. Their legends tell how the leaves, if brought into the house during the winter months, would provide shelter and warmth for fairies who would then be kind to those who lived in the home.
Resources:
Eastside Heritage Center archives
Lucile McDonald Journal American article 4/6/1977 “Holly sprouts left from pioneer farm”
Online: Holly Tree Meaning, The Symbolic Significance of Holly, “Bellevue’s history is rooted in rich farmland” article by Sherry Grindeland
Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995.
